The ELA Frameworks have been designed to give educators an idea of what instruction across one year might look like in any one grade level. These units are also designed to: 1) demonstrate how all of the standards are introduced and revisited within one year and 2) demonstrate how the reading, writing, and listening/speaking/viewing standards are integrated within a single unit of study Middle School How to Teach Creative Writing to Middle School Students o Use a memoir or biography-based assignment that gets students excited about writing. Combine the project with an art lesson, asking students to include of the story before writing. These graphic organizers take brainstorming a step further. They begin to take their The Best Read-Alouds About Going to School. Grades PreK - 2. Book List. Books Under $10 That Build Character. Grades PreK - 8. Articles. Article. Get to Know Students With Instant Personal Poster Sets. Grades K - 6. Article. How to Raise Funds for Your Classroom
Georgia Standards - ELA Frameworks, Lesson Plans & Matrices
InGenghis Khan — and his nomadic armies burst out from Mongolia and swiftly conquered most of Eurasia. The Great Khan died inbut his sons and grandsons continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire across Central AsiaChina, the Middle Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir, and into Europe. Starting inGenghis Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir third son, Ogodei, decided to conquer as much of Europe as he could.
Bythe Mongols had control of what is now Russia and Ukraine, seizing Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary over the next few years.
The Mongols also tried to capture Poland and Germany, but Ogodei's death in and the succession struggle that followed distracted them from this mission. In the end, the Mongols' Golden Horde ruled over a vast swath of eastern Europe, and rumors of their approach terrified western Europe, but they went no farther west than Hungary, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir.
At their height, the rulers of the Mongol Empire conquered, occupied, and controlled an area of 9 million square miles. In comparison, the Roman Empire controlled 1. Reports of the Mongol attacks terrified Europe. The Mongols increased their empire using swift and decisive attacks with an armed and disciplined cavalry.
They wiped out the populations of some entire towns that resisted, as was their usual policy, depopulating some regions and confiscating the crops and livestock from others.
This type of total warfare spread panic even among Europeans not directly affected by the Mongol onslaught and sent refugees fleeing westward. Perhaps even more importantly, the Mongol conquest of central Asia and eastern Europe allowed a deadly disease—the bubonic plague—to travel from its home range in western China and Mongolia to Europe along newly-restored trade routes.
The bubonic plague was endemic to fleas that live on marmots in the steppes of eastern central Asia, and the Mongol hordes inadvertently brought those fleas across the continent, unleashing the plague on Europe. The plague also affected northern African and large parts of Asia. Although the Mongol invasion of Europe sparked terror and disease, in the long run, it had enormous positive impacts. The foremost was what historians call the Pax Mongolicaa century of peace circa — among neighboring peoples who were all under Mongol rule.
This peace allowed for the reopening of the Silk Road trading routes between China and Europe, increasing cultural exchange and wealth all along the trade paths. Central Asia was a region that had always been important to overland trade between China and the West.
As the region became stable under the Pax Mongolica, trade became less risky under the various empires, and as cross-cultural interactions became more and more intensive and extensive, more and more goods were traded. Within the Pax Mongolica, the sharing of knowledge, information, and cultural identity was encouraged. Citizens could legally become followers of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, or anything else—as long as their practice didn't interfere with the political ambitions of the Khan, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir.
The Pax Mongolica also allowed monks, missionaries, traders, and explorers to travel along the trade routes. One famous example is the Venetian trader and explorer Marco Polowho traveled to Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir court of Genghis Khan's grandson Kublai Khan Quibilai at Xanadu in China. Some of the most fundamental ideas and technologies in the world—papermaking, printing, and gunpowder manufacturing, among many others—made their way across Asia via the Silk Road.
Migrants, merchants, explorers, pilgrims, refugees, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir, and soldiers brought along with them their disparate religious and cultural ideas and domesticated animals, plants, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir, vegetables, and fruit as they joined this gigantic cross-continental exchange.
As historian Ma Debin describes it, the Silk Road was the original melting pot, the lifeline of the Eurasian continent. Before the Mongol EmpireEuropeans and Chinese were largely unaware of the other's existence. Trade established along the Silk Road in the first centuries B. had become rare, dangerous, and unpredictable. Long-distance trade, human migration, and imperial expansion actively Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir people in different societies in significant cross-cultural interactions.
Afterward, interactions between the two were not only possible but encouraged. Diplomatic contacts and religious missions were established over vast distances. Islamic merchants helped gain a footing for their faith at the extreme ends of the Eastern Hemisphere, spreading from southeast Asia and west Africa and across northern India and Anatolia. Alarmed, western Europeans and the Mongol rulers of China sought a diplomatic alliance with one another against the Muslims in southwest Asia, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir.
Europeans sought to convert Mongols to Christianity and establish a Christian community in China, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir. The Mongols saw the spread as a threat. Neither of these initiatives was successful, but the opening of political channels made a substantive difference. The entire overland route of the Silk Road witnessed a vigorous revival under the Pax Mongolica. Its rulers actively worked to ensure the safety of the trade routes, building effective post stations and rest stops, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir, introducing the use of paper money and eliminating artificial trade barriers.
ByChinese raw silk appeared in the silk-producing area of Italy, and in the s, a single merchant sold thousands of pounds of silk in Genoa.
The Mongolians absorbed scientific knowledge from Persia, India, China, and Arabia. Medicine became one of the many areas of life and culture that flourished under Mongol rule. Keeping an army healthy was vital, so they created hospitals and training centers to encourage the exchange and expansion of medical knowledge. As a result, China employed doctors from India and the Middle East, all of which was communicated to European centers, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir.
Kublai Khan founded an institution for the study of Western medicine. The Persian historian Rashid al-Din published the first known book on Chinese medicine outside China in The Golden Horde's occupation of eastern Europe also unified Russia.
Prior to the period of Mongol rule, the Russian people were organized into a series of small self-governing city-states, the most notable being Kiev. In order to throw off the Mongol yoke, the Russian-speaking peoples of the region had to unite. Inthe Russians—led by the Grand Duchy of Moscow Muscovy —managed to defeat and expel the Mongols. Although Russia has since been invaded several times by the likes of Napoleon Bonaparte and the German Nazis, it has never again been conquered.
One final contribution that the Mongols made to Europe is difficult to categorize as good or bad. The Mongols introduced two deadly Chinese inventions—guns and gunpowder —to the West. The new weaponry sparked a revolution in European fighting tactics, and the many warring states of Europe all strove over the following centuries to improve their firearms technology. It was a constant, multi-sided arms race, which heralded the end of knightly combat and the beginning of modern standing armies.
In the centuries to come, European states would muster their new and improved guns first for piracy, to seize control over parts of the oceangoing silk and spices trade, and then eventually to impose European colonial rule over much of the world. Ironically, the Russians used their superior firepower in the 19th and 20th centuries to conquer many of the lands that had been part of the Mongol Empire, including outer Mongolia where Genghis Khan was born.
Bentley, Jerry H. Davis-Kimball, Jeannine. Di Cosmo, Nicola. Flynn, Dennis O. Latham Editor1st Edition, Routledge, February 10, Ma, Debin. Pederson, Neil. Hessl, Nachin Baatarbileg, et al. Perdue, Peter C. Safavi-Abbasi, S. National Library of Medicine,Bethesda MD. Myrdal, Janken. Hornberg, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir, Alf, Brett Clark and Kenneth Hermele. Abingdon UK: Routledge,pp. Alfani, Guido, and Tommy E.
Spyrou, Maria A. Pestis Genomes Reveal the European Black Death as the Source of Ancient and Modern Plague Pandemics. and Arturo Giráldez. Abingdon UK: Routledge, Share Flipboard Email. Kallie Szczepanski, Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir.
History Expert. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U. and South Korea. our editorial process. Updated February 18, Key Takeaways: Genghis Khan's Impact on Europe The spread of the bubonic plague from Central Asia into Europe decimated the populations but increased opportunities for the survivors. An enormous variety of new consumer goods, agriculture, weaponry, religion, and medical science became available in Europe.
New diplomatic channels between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East were opened. Russia became unified for the first time. View Article Sources.
Cite this Article Format. Szczepanski, Kallie. Effects of the Mongol Empire on Europe. copy citation. Watch Now: Profile Writing Graphic Organizers Middle School Memoir Marco Polo. What Motivated the Mongol Conquests of Genghis Khan? Karakorum: Genghis Khan's Capital City. Biography of Tamerlane, 14th Century Conqueror of Asia. The Global Impacts of the Black Death.
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We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow blogger.com more Feb 18, · In , Genghis Khan (–) and his nomadic armies burst out from Mongolia and swiftly conquered most of Eurasia. The Great Khan died in , but his sons and grandsons continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire across Central Asia, China, the Middle East, and into Europe Middle School How to Teach Creative Writing to Middle School Students o Use a memoir or biography-based assignment that gets students excited about writing. Combine the project with an art lesson, asking students to include of the story before writing. These graphic organizers take brainstorming a step further. They begin to take their
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